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How to Reference a Work of Art in an Essay

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Yous may need to use a painting every bit a source for a inquiry paper, particularly if you're writing about art history or a related field. To cite a painting, y'all need more data than you lot would for a standard text source. Typically, you'll also need to include the current location of the work, its dimensions, and its cloth or medium. The specific format for your citation varies depending on the commendation mode you use. Three of the most common commendation styles are Modern Language Clan (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), and Chicago way.

  1. one

    List the name of the artist showtime. For your Works Cited Entry, the artist is considered the "author" of a painting. Blazon their last name first, followed past a comma. So type their outset proper noun. Include their middle name or initial, if provided, subsequently their showtime proper noun. Place a period at the end of their name.[ane]

    • Example: Goya, Francisco.
    • If no creative person is credited, start the citation with the championship of the painting. If the work is credited to "Anonymous," use "Anonymous" as the artist's name.[two]

  2. 2

    Blazon the title of the painting in italics. Blazon the title of the painting in title-instance, capitalizing all nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs. If the painting is untitled, type a cursory, unitalicized description of the painting. Use sentence-case for a clarification, capitalizing only the starting time word and any proper nouns in your description. Place a menses after the title or clarification.[iii]

    • Titled example: Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV.
    • Untitled case: Rauschenberg, Robert. Glossy black painting.

    Examples of Brief Descriptions

    Goya, Francisco. Untitled portrait of the Duchess of Alba.

    Nicholson, Ben. White relief painting.

    Basquiat, Jean-Michel. Blackness skull on blue groundwork.

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  3. 3

    Provide the engagement of composition and the painting'due south location. Type the yr the painting was created, followed by a comma. List the proper noun of the museum or drove where the painting is housed. If the location of the museum or collection is non included in its name, type a comma and then the location. Identify a menstruation at the stop.[4]

    • Example: Goya, Francisco. The Family unit of Charles IV. 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid.

    MLA Works Cited Entry Format

    Creative person Final Name, Offset Name. Championship of Painting. Year, Museum or Collection, City.

  4. 4

    Reference whatsoever book or website where the painting is located. If your source is actually a photographic reproduction of the painting in a book or on a website, include data about the book or website at the end of your citation.[5]

    • Book example: Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles 4. 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid. Gardener's Art Through the Ages, 10th ed., past Richard Thou. Tansey and Fred S. Kleiner, Harcourt Caryatid, p. 939.
    • Website case: Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles Four. 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid. WikiArt Visual Art Encyclopedia, world wide web.wikiart.org/en/francisco-goya/charles-iv-of-espana-and-his-family-1800.
    • If yous viewed the painting on the museum's website, omit the proper name and location of the museum. Use the name of the website and URL instead. Place a period after the year, since it refers to the date the painting was created, not the engagement information technology was published on the website. For example: Goya, Francisco, The Family of Charles IV. 1800. Museo del Prado, www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/the-family-of-carlos-iv/.
    • Include the medium and materials at the cease of your entry if they are important or relevant to your paper. Otherwise, this information isn't required for an MLA Works Cited entry.

  5. v

    Mention the creative person and the artwork in the text of your paper. MLA manner does not crave parenthetical in-text citations for paintings. Instead, give the artist's name, followed by the title of the work in italics.[6]

    • Example: "One of Francisco Goya'due south subjects in The Family of Charles IV has her head turned abroad. Scholars believe this was a member of the family who was not present on the day the portrait was painted."
    • If the painting is untitled, apply your brief description of the painting forth with the artist'southward proper noun. For example, you might write: "The Duchess of Alba was widely considered to be Francisco Goya'southward muse, as his many untitled portraits of her suggest."

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  1. 1

    Beginning with the name of the artist and the year of the painting. Blazon the artist'south last proper name, followed past a comma. And so type the artist's first initial, followed by their eye initial, if available. Type the year the artist painted the work in parentheses. Place a period outside the endmost parentheses.[7]

    • Example: Pratt, C. (1965).
    • If the artist is unknown, start your reference list entry with the title of the work. However, if the credited creative person is "Anonymous," use that discussion equally the proper noun of the writer.[eight]
    • If the appointment is not known, use the abbreviation "north.d." inside the parentheses.

  2. 2

    Provide the title of the painting and a description of the materials used. Type the title of the painting in italics. Use judgement-case, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns in the title. In square brackets, describe the materials or medium of the painting. Use sentence-example for the description as well. Place a menstruation later the closing bracket.[9]

    • Example: Pratt, C. (1965). Young daughter with seashells [Oil on board].
    • If the painting is untitled, use the word "Untitled" in identify of the title. Since it isn't the title of the painting, it shouldn't be italicized.

  3. iii

    Include the location of the painting. Type the proper noun of the museum, institution, or collection where the painting is housed. Identify a comma, and then blazon the name of the city, as well followed by a comma. If the institution is located in the U.S. or Canada, add an abbreviation for the state or province. For all others, add together the proper noun of the country. Place a period at the end of your citation.[10]

    • Example: Pratt, C. (1965). Young daughter with seashells [Oil on lath]. Memorial University Art Gallery Permanent Collection, Corner Brook, NL.

    APA Reference Listing Entry Format

    Artist Last Proper name, First Initial. (Yr). Championship of painting [Description of textile]. Museum or Drove, City, abbreviated country/province or name of state.

  4. iv

    Add together source information to cite a reproduction of a painting. If you viewed the painting in a book or online, rather than in person, include the author, championship, appointment of publication, and publication information at the end of your reference list entry. Follow the same format equally you normally would to cite a webpage or an article inside a book.[11]

    • Volume instance: Jacque, H. (2010). Labrador black duck [Clay tile]. Lawrence O'Brien Auditorium, Goose Bay, NL. In D. Brown, Uncommon clay: The labradoria landscape (p. xviii). St John's, NL: Creative Publishing. (Original piece of work 2009).
    • Website example: Shepherd, H. P. (1962).Dominicus morning [Oil]. Collection of Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John'southward, NL. The rooms (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.therooms.ca/artgallery/shepherds.asp

  5. 5

    Put the year in parentheses after the championship of the painting. Use the artist'due south name and the title of the painting within the text of your paper. Type the title in italics. Use title case, capitalizing the commencement word and all nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs. Later the title of the painting appears in your paper, type the year the painting was completed in parentheses.[12]

    • Case: "Christopher Pratt's painting Young Daughter with Seashells (1965) offers a glimpse of classic Newfoundland heritage."

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  1. 1

    List the artist's name get-go in your bibliography entry. Chicago style considers the artist (or painter) the "writer" of the painting. Type the creative person's final proper noun, followed by a comma. So blazon the creative person's first name, followed by a period.[13]

    • Instance: Gogh, Vincent van.
    • If the artist is unknown, only go out this element out of your citation. If the artist is listed equally "Anonymous," utilize that give-and-take in place of the creative person's proper noun.[xiv]

  2. 2

    Provide the title of the painting. Type a space afterwards the period following the author'southward name, so type the title of the painting in italics. Use championship case, capitalizing all nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs. Place a period at the terminate of the championship.[xv]

    • Example: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Night.
    • If the painting is untitled, simply motility on to the next chemical element of the citation. Chicago doesn't require you to write a clarification as a placeholder, or to employ the give-and-take "Untitled." Nevertheless, if you do, type this information in patently text rather than italics. Otherwise, it looks like the title.

  3. iii

    List the date the piece of work was created. Later the title of the painting, type the twelvemonth the painting was completed. If you lot don't have admission to the yr, yous can either utilise the abbreviation "north.d." for no date or simply movement on to the next element of the commendation. Identify a flow later the year.[sixteen]

    • Example: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Night. 1889.

  4. iv

    Add information about the materials and dimensions of the piece of work. After the year, provide a description of the materials used to create the painting. Utilize judgement-case, capitalizing only the starting time word and whatever proper nouns. Place a menstruation subsequently this description, then provide the dimensions of the work. Use standard abbreviations for the units of measurement. Identify a period after the dimensions unless one is included subsequently the abbreviation.[17]

    • Case: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Night. 1889. Oil on canvas. 29 in. x 36.25 in.
    • As with other elements, if any of this information isn't bachelor, simply exit information technology out. At that place'due south no demand to brand a separate mention that the information is unknown or unavailable.
    • The Chicago Transmission of Style doesn't take a position on whether to use imperial or metric measurements. Simply pick one and use information technology consistently throughout your paper and other citations.

  5. five

    Include the name and location of the museum or collection. Subsequently the dimensions, type the proper noun of the museum, collection, or establishment that houses the painting. Place a comma, then provide the name of the city where the museum, collection, or institution is located. Identify a period after the name of the city.[18]

    • Example: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Night. 1889. Oil on sail. 29 in. x 36.25 in. Museum of Mod Art, New York.

  6. half-dozen

    Close with the URL and date of access if you viewed the painting online. For paintings you looked at online, such equally on a museum website, provide a full direct URL to the painting itself. Identify a comma later on the URL, then type the discussion "accessed." Bespeak the date you lot terminal visited the URL in day-month-year format.[xix]

    • Example: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Night. 1889. Oil on sheet. 29 in. x 36.25 in. Museum of Modern Fine art, New York. https://www.moma.org/larn/moma_learning/vincent-van-gogh-the-starry-dark-1889/, accessed 23 October 2018.

    Chicago Bibliography Entry Format

    Artist Last Name, Kickoff Name. Championship of Painting. Year. Clarification of material. Dimensions. Museum or Collection, City. URL, accessed Day-Month-Year.

  7. seven

    Add a total commendation for the source if y'all viewed the painting in print. Omit the medium and location for print reproductions of the painting. Brainstorm with the word "In," then type the information you would normally include in a Chicago entry for the book or periodical where the painting was reproduced. Finish your citation with a period.[xx]

    • Book example: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Nighttime. 1889. In Bailey, Martin. Starry Nighttime: Van Gogh at the Asylum. London, Great britain: White Lion Publishing, 2018.

  8. 8

    Merchandise periods for commas in footnotes in the text of your paper. Flip the proper name of the creative person so that the first name comes start. Include the aforementioned data as your bibliography entry, separated by commas rather than periods. The only period in a footnote comes at the cease.[21]

    • In-text instance: "There is a bulletin of promise in the swirling colors and light of Vincent van Gogh's famous painting The Starry Dark.i"
    • Footnote website case: 1. Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Nighttime, 1889, oil on sail, 29 in. x 36.25 in., Museum of Mod Art, New York, https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/vincent-van-gogh-the-starry-night-1889/, accessed 23 Oct 2018.
    • Footnote book example: 1. Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889, in Martin Bailey, Starry Night: Van Gogh at the Asylum (London, UK: White Lion Publishing, 2018), Figure 49.

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Add New Question

  • Question

    How do you cite a painting in APA?

    Drew Hawkins1

    Drew Hawkins1

    Community Respond

    Type the artist's concluding proper name, followed by a comma. Then blazon the artist's get-go initial, followed by their heart initial, if bachelor. Type the yr the artist painted the piece of work in parentheses. Place a period exterior the endmost parentheses. And so, type the title of the painting in italics, capitalizing simply the first word and any proper nouns in the championship. In square brackets, describe the materials or medium of the painting. Use sentence-instance for the clarification besides. Place a period after the closing bracket. Blazon the proper name of the museum, institution, or drove where the painting is housed. Identify a comma, then type the proper name of the city, also followed past a comma. If you viewed the painting in a book or online, rather than in person, include the author, title, date of publication, and publication information at the end of your reference listing entry. Then, put the year in parentheses subsequently the title of the painting.

  • Question

    How practise I cite a album cover art?

    Drew Hawkins1

    Drew Hawkins1

    Community Answer

    It'south really non as tricky as you may think. First with the creative person's concluding name then their outset proper noun, and place a period after information technology. And so, write the championship of the work in italics followed by a period. Type the engagement of the creation and follow that with a period. And then, type the establishment and the city where the work is housed, separated past a comma and followed by a period. After that, blazon the name of the website you visited if that's where y'all found it, followed by a period. Write the give-and-take "Web" followed by a period after that so put the date you accessed information technology, followed by a period. You can then add together the URL in brackets if you similar, just follow information technology upward with a catamenia if y'all do.

  • Question

    How exercise you cite street fine art?

    Drew Hawkins1

    Drew Hawkins1

    Community Answer

    Y'all can absolutely cite graffiti or street art. Yous only need to follow the right format. Start with the title or description, with the graffiti creative person's tag if at that place is i, in italics. Follow that with a period and then write the year in parenthesis, followed by a period besides. Then, write the location of the street art and add together a menstruation behind it. Yous can then write the engagement yous viewed the art and close it off with a period. That'south information technology!

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Article Summary X

To cite a painting in the Modern Linguistic communication Association style, yous only need to requite the artist's total name followed by the title of the piece of work in italics in the torso of your essay. For example, you'd write, "In Francisco Goya's The Family unit of Charles IV, he creates a contrast of light and nighttime." For your works cited entry, you'll need to write the creative person'southward name, starting with their surname, then the proper name of the painting in italics, followed past the year it was painted and the museum or collection where it's located. If the city of the location isn't included in the museum's name, add this at the cease. For instance, you would write, "Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV. 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid." For more than tips, including how to cite a painting using the APA and Chicago styles, read on!

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